Objectives or goals of Financial Management:
Effective procurement and efficient use of finance lead to proper utilization of the finance by the business concern. It is an essential part of the financial manager. Hence, the financial manager must determine the basic objectives of financial management. Objectives of Financial Management may be broadly divided into two parts such as:
- Profit maximization, and
- Wealth maximization.
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Objectives of Financial ManagementProfit Maximization:
The main aim of any kind of economic activity is to earn a profit. A business concern is also functioning mainly for the purpose of earning a profit. Profit is the measuring techniques to understand the business efficiency of the concern. Profit maximization is also the traditional and narrow approach, which aims at, maximizes the profit of the concern. Profit maximization consists of the following important features.
1. Profit maximization is also called as cashing per share maximization. It leads to maximize the business operation for profit maximization.
2. The ultimate aim of the business concern is earning profit, hence, it considers all the possible ways to increase the profitability of the concern.
3. Profit is the parameter of measuring the efficiency of the business concern. So it shows the entire position of the business concern.
4. Profit maximization objectives help to reduce the risk of the business.
Favorable Arguments for Profit Maximization:
The following important points are in support of the profit maximization objectives of the business concern:
(i) The main aim is earning profit.
(ii) Profit is the parameter of the business operation.
(iii) Profit reduces the risk of the business concern.
(iv) Profit is the main source of finance.
(v) Profitability meets social needs also.
Unfavorable Arguments for Profit Maximization:
The following important points are against the objectives of profit maximization:
(i) Profit maximization leads to exploiting workers and consumers.
(ii) Profit maximization creates immoral practices such as corrupt practice, unfair trade practice, etc.
(iii) Profit maximization objectives lead to inequalities among the stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, public shareholders, etc.
Drawbacks of Profit Maximization:
Profit maximization objective consists of certain drawback also:
(i) It is vague: In this objective, profit is not defined precisely or correctly. It creates some unnecessary opinion regarding earning habits of the business concern.
(ii) It ignores the time value of money: Profit maximization does not consider the time value of money or the net present value of the cash inflow. It leads to certain differences between the actual cash inflow and net present cash flow during a particular period.
(iii) It ignores risk: Profit maximization does not consider the risk of the business concern. Risks may be internal or external which will affect the overall operation of the business concern.
Wealth Maximization
Wealth maximization is one of the modern approaches, which involves the latest innovations and improvements in the field of business concern. The term wealth means shareholder wealth or the wealth of the persons those who are involved in the business concern.
Wealth maximization is also known as value maximization or net present worth maximization. This objective is a universally accepted concept in the field of business.
Favorable Arguments for Wealth Maximization:
(i) Wealth maximization is superior to the profit maximization because the main aim of the business concern under this concept is to improve the value or wealth of the shareholders.
(ii) Wealth maximization considers the comparison of the value to cost associated with the business concern. Total value detected from the total cost incurred for the business operation. It provides extract value of the business concern.
(iii) Wealth maximization considers both time and risk of the business concern.
(iv) Wealth maximization provides efficient allocation of resources.
(v) It ensures the economic interest of the society.
Unfavorable Arguments for Wealth Maximization:
(i) Wealth maximization leads to the prescriptive idea of the business concern but it may not be suitable to present-day business activities.
(ii) Wealth maximization is nothing, it is also profit maximization, it is the indirect name of the profit maximization.
(iii) Wealth maximization creates ownership-management controversy.
(iv) Management alone enjoy certain benefits.
(v) The ultimate aim of the wealth maximization objectives is to maximize the profit.
(vi) Wealth maximization can be activated only with the help of the profitable position of the business concern.
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